ANALISIS YURIDIS MALPRAKTIK MEDIS DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM KESEHATAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN PASIEN DI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21450983Keywords:
medical malpractice, health law, patient protection, Law No. 17 of 2023, criminal liability, vicarious liability, professional standards, health law reformAbstract
Cases of alleged medical malpractice in Indonesia have shown a significant upward trend, with 51 complaints of professional disciplinary breaches between 2023 and 2025 and 24 cases resulting in patient deaths. This study aims to analyse medical malpractice from a legal perspective, focusing on health law and patient protection in Indonesia. The research method employs a normative legal approach with a conceptual legislative framework. The findings indicate that medical malpractice constitutes a complex legal offence involving three dimensions—civil, criminal and administrative law—with negligence, medical procedural errors and breaches of professional standards as key elements. Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health, through Articles 440 and 447, introduces a new, more specific framework for criminal liability applicable to healthcare professionals and hospitals based on the doctrine of vicarious liability. Legal protection for patients who are victims of malpractice is still not functioning optimally, even though patients’ rights are guaranteed in law, due to the heavy burden of proof, limited access to medical records, and administrative sanctions that lack a deterrent effect. This study concludes that there is a need for health law reform to strengthen patients’ access to justice, clarify the responsibilities of healthcare professionals, and reinforce professional oversight mechanisms so that the principle of substantive justice is truly realised.
Downloads
References
Dahlan, R. H., Saragih, B., Emaliawati, & Santoso, J. D. N. (2025). Menemukan Keadilan di Ruang Praktik Restorative Justice dalam Dunia Kedokteran. Kreasi Cendekia Pustaka.
Darta, I. W., & Kuswardhani, R. A. T. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pasien Kanker yang Menjalani Radioterapi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Persepektif Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Jurnal Locus Penelitian Dan Pengabdian, 4(5), 1900–1915. https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v4i5.4126
Eliyah, E., & Aslan, A. (2025). STAKE’S EVALUATION MODEL: METODE PENELITIAN. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Indonesia, 3(2), Article 2.
Jonaidi, J. (2020). PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PASIEN KORBAN MALPRAKTEK OLEH TENAGA MEDIS PADA RUMAH SAKIT IBNU SINA DAN ACHMAD MOCHTAR KOTA BUKITTINGGI. Unes Journal of Swara Justisia, 4(3), 269–277. https://doi.org/10.31933/ujsj.v4i3.181
Kainde, B. I. S., Saimima, I. D. S., & Yurnal. (2021). Rekonstruksi Pasal 66 Ayat (3) Undang-Undang No. 29 Tahun 2004 Tentang Undang-Undang Praktik Kedokteran Terkait Tata Cara Pengaduan Tindakan Malapraktik Dokter di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Sasana, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.31599/sasana.v7i2.1238
Koesmoeryantati, & Siregar, R. A. (2025). Pandangan Hukum Kesehatan Terhadap Dugaan Malpraktek Versus Komplikasi Tindakan Kedokteran: Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 8(6), 2897–2909. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v8i6.7815
Koto, I., & Asmadi, E. (2021). Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Terhadap Tindakan Malpraktik Tenaga Medis di Rumah Sakit. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, 181–192. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v4i2.5372
Maikel, M. P., Jak, Y., & Hutapea, F. (2024). Peran Komite Etik dan Hukum Rumah Sakit Dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pelayanan, Keselamatan Pasien, dan Penyelesaian Sengketa Medik Di Rumah Sakit Syarif Hidayatullah Tahun 2023. Journal Of The Indonesian Medical Association, 74(4), 183–189. https://doi.org/10.47830/jinma-vol.74.4-2024-1482
Mardianti, A., Adam, F., Maisyaroh, S., Fitria, & Sapsudin, A. (2025). Hukum Kesehatan dalam Perspektif Filsafat Hukum. Journal of Syntax Literate, 10(11), 8642. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v10i11.62617
Margono, R. (2026). Aspek Hukum Medis: Malpraktik Kedokteran dan Perlindungan Pasien. Profesor Rudi Margono.
Nurdin, M. (2015). PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PASIEN ATAS KORBAN MALPRAKTEK KEDOKTERAN. Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, 10(1), 92–109.
PARLIN, J., & Buaton, T. (2023). Perspektif Hukum Pada Hak Pasien Atas Informasi Dalam Pelayanan Pembedahan. JURNAL CAHAYA MANDALIKA Учредители: Lembaga Penelitian Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat-LITPAM, 3(1), 649–658.
Rai, S., & Devaiah, V. H. (2019). The need for healthcare reforms: Is no-fault liability the solution to medical malpractice? Asian Bioethics Review, 11(1), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41649-019-00081-7
Santos, A. C., & Yusuf, H. (2024). Mekanisme Keadilan Restoratif Penyelesaian Sengketa Medis dan Tinjauan Yuridis Menurut UU Kesehatan Tahun 2023. Jurnal Intelek Dan Cendikiawan Nusantara, 1(2), 2096–2106.
Suyudi, G. A., Wildana, D. T., Prihatmini, S., & Puspaningrum, G. (2025). Kebijakan Formulasi dan Prospektif Penegakan Hukum Tindakan Kealpaan Tenaga Medis/Tenaga Kesehatan (Dinamika Pertanggungjawaban Pidana dalam Malpraktik Medis). Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 7(2), 228–249. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v7i2.49-70
Tadda, A., Indar, I., & Ilyas, A. (2022). Tinjauan Hukum Eksistensi Komite Etik Dan Hukum Rumah Sakit (KEHRS) Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Medik. Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem, 22(1), 120–135. https://doi.org/10.35965/eco.v22i1.1392
W, J. K., Arief, D., Susanto, E., Siagian, C., Ambarsari, R., & Melany, E. (2023). KEWENANGAN PRESIDEN DALAM KONSIL KEDOKTERAN INDONESIA (ANALISA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NO.128/PK/TUN/2022). Jurnal UDA, 31(1), 1005–1014. https://doi.org/10.46930/ojsuda.v31i1.3058
Yatindra, I. B. T., Kuntarjo, C., Ropii, I., & Putra, M. D. (2025). ETHICAL AND LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF PHYSICIANS FOR MEDICAL ACTIONS THAT POSE A RISK TO PATIENTS. INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR, 7, 150–159. https://doi.org/10.36563/fqveqf09
Yusuf, H. (2025). Dinamika Penyelesaian Sengketa Medis Melalui Mediasi Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Kesehatan Nomor 17 Tahun 2023. Jurnal Intelek Insan Cendikia, 2(1), 1283–1293.
Zed, M. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Kementerian Kesehatan. (2025). Data dugaan pelanggaran disiplin profesi di fasilitas layanan kesehatan 2023-2025. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI.
