MODELS OF ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A SYSTEMATIC SYNTHESIS OF EXPERIENCE-BASED, LOCAL WISDOM AND TRANSFORMATIVE PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22240560Keywords:
PAI learning model, 21st century, experience-based approach, Local Wisdom, transformative pedagogy, experiential learning, transformative learning, Islamic educationAbstract
Islamic Religious Education (IRE) in the 21st century faces existential challenges due to social, technological and cultural transformations occurring at an exponential rate, particularly in educating Generations Z and Alpha, who are digital natives. This study aims to develop a 21st-century PAI learning model through a systematic synthesis of three main approaches: experience-based approaches, local wisdom, and transformative pedagogy. The research method employed a literature review. The results indicate that the integration of these three approaches yields a holistic, contextual, and transformative PAI learning model. The experience-based approach provides a concrete medium for the internalisation of values through direct practice; local wisdom provides a sociocultural context that grounds universal Islamic values in local realities; and transformative pedagogy ensures that learning produces a profound and sustainable transformation of perspective through critical reflection and the reintegration of new perspectives. The 21st-century PAI learning model developed encompasses the integration of Project-Based Learning, Inquiry-Based Learning, the Flipped Classroom, and technology-based approaches, combined with the ‘niteni, niroke, nambahi’ strategies from Javanese local wisdom and Mezirow’s ten phases of transformative learning. The implementation of this model requires a paradigm shift for teachers from being knowledge transferors to becoming facilitators and designers of learning experiences, as well as a commitment from all stakeholders to realise Islamic Education that not only fosters cognitive development but also shapes character, spirituality and transformative social awareness.
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