EDUCATIONAL JOURNAL : General and Specific Research
This journal focuses on education, both in general and in particular, both literature and field studies. In general, this means that this journal talks about all issues related to education. Specifically, it means that this journal talks about education in an informal and non-formal scope. In one year this journal will be published 3 times, namely in february, june and october.
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN WORDWALL TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA KELAS II B SDN 36 LUBUKLINGGAU
The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the use of wordwall learning media as interactive media has an impact on students' interest in learning at SDN 36 Lubuklinggau. This study uses a qualitative research type where data is collected using observation, interview, questionnaire, and documentation methods. The subjects of this study were all 15 students in class II B. The results of the observation revealed that the low interest in learning in class II B students was caused by students getting bored easily and being less active during learning so that students' understanding of the learning material given was less than optimal. However, by using this wordwall learning media, the results showed that class II B students became more active and enthusiastic in their learning process. This wordwall media can also increase students' interest in learning in class II B SDN 36 Lubuklinggau because wordwall media is an interactive media and can make the learning atmosphere fun because wordwall media combines sound and images so that students are interested and enthusiastic to participate in learning activities.
Copyright (c) 2025 EDUCATIONAL JOURNAL : General and Specific Research
IMPLEMENTASI EVALUASI NON TES PADA PEMBELAJARAN AKHLAK DI SMP 2 MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
This study aims to examine the implementation of non-test evaluation in moral learning at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Surakarta. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews with one of the teachers, and library research. The results showed that the implementation of non-test evaluations, such as observations of worship practices, congregational prayers, muroja’ah, and observations of student behavior, provided a comprehensive picture of students' moral development. Moral learning at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Surakarta has also generally been implemented well, and the learning outcomes also show satisfactory achievements. However, there are several aspects in its implementation that need to be improved to improve the quality of the learning program such as the challenge of integrating moral values as a whole into students' daily behavior. This research recommends improving teacher competence, developing a comprehensive assessment rubric, and allocating adequate time and resources to support the successful implementation of non-test evaluation in moral learning. Similar research has also been conducted, for example by Ramadhan et al., (2024) which discusses non-test learning evaluation in morals subjects at SMP MUH 1 Karanganyar, as well as in the journal Natasya et al., (2024) which examines the implementation of non-test evaluation through microteaching practices in Aqidah Akhlak courses at UMS. Whereas in this study, it is focused on what and how the implementation of non-test evaluation in moral learning at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Surakarta which has not been discussed in these studies.
IMPLEMENTASI ASESMEN SUMATIF PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SMPIT INSAN KAMIL KARANGANYAR
The implementation of summative assessment in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMPIT Insan Kamil Karanganyar aims to evaluate students' understanding and skills after the learning process. This study examines the methods, instruments, and results of the assessment implemented to determine its effectiveness in improving the quality of learning. The method applied is a case study, where data is collected through observation, interviews and document analysis. The findings show that summative assessment not only acts as a tool to measure learning outcomes, but also as feedback for teachers and students for future improvement. Thus, a good implementation of summative assessment can contribute to improving students' spiritual, social and intellectual competencies at SMPIT Insan Kamil. This study recommends further development of assessment instruments to achieve more optimal results.
IMPLEMENTASI MODUL AJAR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI SISWA PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DI SEKOLAH SMKS KRISTEN PALANGKA RAYA
This research aims to examine the implementation of teaching modules in improving student competency in Christian Religious Education subjects at Palangkaraya Christian Vocational School. The teaching modules developed aim to increase students' understanding of teaching materials and facilitate more interactive and effective learning. This research uses a classroom action research (PTK) approach which consists of four stages, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The research results show that the implementation of teaching modules can increase students' understanding of Christian Religious Education material, as well as increase their learning involvement and motivation. These findings indicate that teaching modules play an important role in improving the quality of learning in the classroom.
Christian Vocational High School Palangkaraya
TRANSFORMASI PERAN GURU BAHASA ARAB MELALUI PERSPEKTIF BAHASA SOSIAL: KAJIAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK DI MTSN 2 MEDAN
This study aims to analyze the transformation of the role of Arabic language teachers through the perspective of social language at MTsN 2 Medan. The main focus of this research is to explore the changes in the role of Arabic language teachers, which previously centered solely on teaching the language as a means of religious communication, into a more comprehensive role of connecting students with the language, culture, and values of Islam in a broader context. Using a qualitative approach and case study method, data were collected through in-depth interviews with Arabic language teachers, students, and management staff, as well as direct classroom observations. The results of the study show that Arabic language teachers at MTsN 2 Medan have adopted a more interactive and technology-based approach in their teaching. Teachers also play the role of facilitators, not only teaching language but also shaping students' character and social understanding through contextual and relevant learning. Additionally, the study identifies challenges faced by teachers, such as limited facilities and low student motivation towards learning Arabic. However, the transformation of the teacher's role has a positive impact on the quality of learning, enhancing students' language skills, and strengthening their understanding of Islamic values. This study is expected to provide new insights into the development of Arabic language teaching methods that are more relevant to the social and cultural developments of students in the modern era.
TELAAH ISLAM ATAS PERKEMBANGAN MORAL MANUSIA MENURUT THOMAS LICKONA
Lawrence Kohlberg brought a theory of moral development based on moral reasoning which is a product of ratio or reason. The author tries to raise the perspective of Islamic education. The method used by the author is qualitative and library research with documentary research sources based on moral development theory and Islamic theory. Lawrence Kohlberg's moral development theory discusses the development experienced by humans who will reach a certain stage of development by going through the previous moral stages. This paper reveals the perspective of Islamic education on Lawrence Kohlberg's moral development theory. This research produces, first, the theory of moral development based on anthropocentric and theocentric, second, the common thread between spiritual intelligence and religion called spiritual intelligence, which must be possessed by students as a condition for becoming moral human beings.
KEBERLANJUTAN DAN TEKNOLOGI HIJAU DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Behind the technological advancements and industrialisation in today's modern era, spur serious challenges that threaten the survival of life on earth, namely environmental issues. Climate change, pollution, and ecosystem damage are global issues that need to be addressed. The concept of sustainability and green technology in an Islamic perspective is increasingly relevant in maintaining the environmental ecosystem in maintaining environmental balance in an effort to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The method used in this topic is through a qualitative approach by analysing related documents, such as scientific journals, and studies of Islamic perspectives and maqasid sharia perspectives and other experts. This research discusses the potential of green technology in supporting sustainable development in line with Islamic values. Green technology offers innovative solutions to address environmental problems such as climate change and environmental degradation. However, the implementation of green technology in Muslim-majority countries in reality still faces various challenges, including lack of awareness, limited infrastructure, and lack of supportive policies. This study will analyse the factors affecting green technology adoption in the Islamic world and provide policy recommendations to accelerate the transition to a green economy.
PERAN MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK
Learning management plays an important role in improving students' academic achievement by creating a conducive and organized learning environment. This article discusses the relationship between learning management and academic achievement, which is influenced by internal factors, such as student motivation and cognitive ability, as well as external factors, such as family support and learning quality. The method used is a literature study by reading various sources that discuss education management and academic achievement. The results of the study show that student academic achievement does not only reflect the results of numerical evaluation, but also the mastery of competencies such as critical thinking, creativity, and cooperation. The use of relevant learning strategies, such as project-based learning and technology, can increase student engagement in the learning process. In addition, teachers' competence in managing the classroom and providing constructive feedback are also key to successful learning. This article recommends the implementation of a holistic approach that involves support from various parties, including families, teachers and the school environment, to create optimal learning conditions and support maximum student academic achievement.
FITRAH DAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA ANAK USIA DINI
This article discusses the relationship between fitrah and Islamic education in early childhood, emphasizing the importance of understanding and developing children's innate potential as a foundation for optimal growth. Fitrah, which encompasses aspects of faith, intellect, talent, sexuality, aesthetics, individuality, sociality, and physicality, represents an integral component that must be considered in children's education. By referencing the thoughts of Islamic scholars and recent research, this article explains that fitrah-based education focuses on creating an environment that supports the development of all aspects of a child's fitrah. The proposed educational methods include experiential learning in nature, instilling religious values through exemplary behavior, and providing children with space for self-expression. Activities designed must consider the developmental phases of children and avoid placing pressure on them to achieve outcomes that are not aligned with their developmental stages. Emphasizing a holistic approach to education is expected to produce individuals who are not only knowledgeable but also possess good character and can positively contribute to society. Through a profound understanding of fitrah and the application of appropriate educational practices, it is hoped that children can optimally develop their potential, build a strong identity, and become well-rounded individuals with noble morals. This article concludes that the integration of the concept of fitrah within Islamic education is a crucial step in shaping a quality generation that aligns with religious values
MULTIKULTURALISME PADA PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI
This article discusses the importance of multiculturalism in Early Childhood Education (ECE) as an effort to shape character and inclusive social values among children. With the increasing diversity of cultural, ethnic, and religious backgrounds in society, multicultural education has become crucial to address potential conflicts and prejudices arising from these differences. Through an educational approach that emphasizes the values of tolerance, democracy, equality, and justice, ECE can serve as a platform for teaching children the importance of respecting diversity. The method used in writing this article is library research, which involves gathering various references from books, journals, and studies related to ECE and multiculturalism. The research also highlights that the ages 0-6 are a golden period for instilling these values, given the rapid psychological and social development of children at this stage. Multicultural education not only focuses on religious and ethnic diversity but also covers social and economic aspects that influence children's experiences. By equipping children with positive understanding and experiences of diversity, it is hoped that they can grow into individuals who are open-minded and able to interact harmoniously in a pluralistic society. Overall, this article emphasizes that the implementation of multicultural education in ECE is not only beneficial for the individual development of children but also contributes to creating a more peaceful and respectful society in the future
EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN PAI KURIKULUM MERDEKA DI SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 1 SRAGEN
The purpose of this research is to assess how SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Sragen has used the Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) to teach Islamic Religious Education (PAI). The review is primarily concerned with three key areas: preparation, execution, and results. This research uses a qualitative descriptive technique to show how the Independent Curriculum allows for a lot of leeway in terms of learning design, but it also finds several problems, such students' and teachers' adaption to project-based learning and the availability of resources. The findings reveal that the curriculum enhances student engagement and participation but requires further optimization through teacher capacity building and the provision of adequate learning facilities. The study offers strategic recommendations to address these challenges, aiming to improve the overall effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education under the Independent Curriculum
PENERAPAN MODUL AJAR PERSAHABATAN (1 SAMUEL: 18:1-5) BERKARAKTERISTIK NON-SMART DI SDN 1 SABARU PALANGKARAYA
This research aims to examine the implementation of a teaching module with the theme of friendship based on the story of David and Yonatan (1 Samuel 18:1-5) at SDN 1 Sabaru Palangkaraya. This teaching module is designed with non-SMART characteristics, which does not focus on specific, measurable or time-limited learning objectives, but rather on developing character and moral values through stories. The aim of this research is to explore the effect of implementing this teaching module on students' understanding and attitudes in establishing genuine friendships, as well as fostering positive character values. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis to explore the impact of using teaching modules on student attitudes and behavior at SDN 1 Sabaru Palangkaraya
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN SENI RUPA BERBASIS PROYEK DI SD NEGERI 101966 DESA PERTANGGUHAN
Fine arts are included in the creativity part of production activities and work, in various activities there are many opportunities to develop children's fine arts creativity. This study aims to determine how the implementation of fine arts learning and how children create fine arts in elementary schools. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by conducting interviews with one of the teachers and practicing directly with students in order to find out the ability of students' creativity in working. The results showed that students at the school were quite proficient in working such as holding scissors, cutting neatly and pasting the cut results, children also had the ability to hold colour pencils well, but there were some students who were not yet proficient in cutting neatly and there were also some students who were not yet proficient in holding scissors
ADAB DAN KARAKTER GURU-MURID: REFLEKSI PENDIDIKAN ISLAMI DALAM SURAT KAHFI DAN SURAT LUQMAN
Teachers and students are the main elements in the complementary educational process. The Qur'an and Hadith provide a comprehensive conceptual foundation regarding the roles, characters, and manners of both in learning. This research aims to explore the concept of teachers and students from the perspective of the Qur'an and Hadith, especially through the study of Surah Al-Kahfi verses 60-82 and Surah Luqman verses 13-19. The method used is content analysis with a thematic interpretation approach (maudhu'i). This study found that Prophet Khidir and Prophet Moses became ideal representations of teachers and students, where Prophet Khidir reflected wisdom, patience, and competence, while Prophet Moses showed tenacity, humility, and discipline in learning. In addition, Surat Luqman highlighted manners such as honesty, humility, and a sense of responsibility that teachers and students must have to create a conducive learning process. This research emphasizes the importance of integrating the values of the Qur'an and Hadith in education to form a generation with noble character and knowledge. By understanding and applying these principles, the educational process not only produces intelligent individuals, but also contributes to the social and spiritual harmony of society.
ANALISIS BUTIR SOAL ELEMEN EKONOMI BISNIS DAN ADMINISTRASI UMUM MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI ANATES VERSI 4
This research activity uses the classical method used in this study to determine the quality of business economics and general administration elements which include validity, differentiation, difficulty level, reliability, and effectiveness of checkers. This type of research uses a descriptive quantitative approach method. This research was conducted by distributing tests and getting responses from students in grade XI SMK / MAK in Surabaya, Sidoarjo and Gresik totaling 25 respondents. The data was collected using observation techniques and then analyzed using the application for windows, namely Anates version 4. The results received are the questions of business economics and general administration elements analyzed with aspects of validity having low quality, quite good differentiating power, quite good difficulty level, reliability that is already reliable, and good exception effectiveness.
PENGGUNAAN KONSEP DASAR ASESMEN PSIKOLOGIS DALAM PENDIDIKAN
Psychological assessment in education is a process to determine the psychological state of students, support diagnosis, and design appropriate interventions. The basic concepts of psychological assessment include various theories from figures such as Carl Rogers, who emphasized the importance of individuals' subjective experiences in assessment, and Raymond Cattell, who developed a psychological model based on factor analysis to measure dimensions of intelligence and personality. In Indonesia, educational assessment underwent a significant transformation, especially with the implementation of Curriculum 2013, which focuses on higher-order thinking skills and the all-round development of students' abilities. This change is also reflected in the introduction of the National Assessment (AN), which replaces the National Exam (UN) and aims to assess students' literacy, numeracy and character. Assessment is no longer just an evaluation of academic achievement, but a tool that supports the continuous learning process. The assessment methods used, such as formative and summative assessments, provide constructive feedback to improve and optimize learning. In addition, national assessments provide a broader picture of the quality of education in Indonesia. This assessment approach includes various instruments, such as written tests, oral tests, observations, interviews and portfolios, which aim to evaluate students' social, emotional and academic dimensions
PENGARUH METODE MEMBACA TERBIMBING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN SISWA KELAS III SD YPK ALFA OMEGA WAISAI
One of the goals of beginning reading is so that students can read simple words and sentences fluently and precisely. The aim of this research is: to determine the effect of the guided reading method on the beginning reading abilities of third grade students at SD YPK Alfa Omega Waisai. In this research, researchers used quantitative research. The research that will be carried out in this research is experimental research, the type of research is Quasi Experimental type Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The design used in this research is "Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design".This research was carried ou ton13 June–20 June 2024.The location of this research was SD YPK ALFA OMEGA Waisai. The sample in this study was thir dgrade, totaling 23 students as the control class third grade A and third grade B, totaling 25 students, as the experimental class. The reason was because in third grade A and third grade B, observations were made and it was found that students' initial reading abilities were not optimal. Test this hypothes is using thet-test. Thet-test is used to determine whether or not there is a significan tdifference between the post-test results of the experimental group and the control group.Based on the analysis results,it was obtained that ????????????????????????=2.067while ????ℎ????????????????????=13.428.So that ????ℎ????????????????????> ???????????????????????? and the significance value is 0.00<0.05.Thus,the influence of the guided reading method on the beginning reading abilities of third grade III students at SD YPK Alfa Omega Waisai.
ANALISIS KESULITAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS II SD NEGERI 4 LUBUKLINGGAU
This research aims to describe students' difficulties in beginning reading in class II students at SDN 4 Lubuklinggau. This research was conducted at SDN 4 Lubuklinggau on November 12 2024. Research data was obtained by conducting observations, interviews, questionnaires and documentation regarding the initial reading difficulties of grade II elementary school students. This type of research uses qualitative research. The subjects of this research were class II students and teachers. The results of the study showed that there were several initial reading difficulties experienced by second grade students. Through data from the research results, it can be concluded that the initial reading difficulties of class II students are: students have difficulty reading letters, have difficulty distinguishing letters, students cannot spell syllables, and have difficulty recognizing or understanding punctuation marks. The inhibiting factors for students who have difficulty reading at the beginning are: lack of interest in learning, students not attending kindergarten, and families who do not provide enough learning support.
MEMBANGUN KEUNGGULAN KOMPETITIF LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN MELALUI STRATEGI DIVERSIFIKASI
This study aims to analyse diversification strategies as an effort to build competitive advantage in educational institutions. Amidst the challenges of globalisation and competition between institutions, strategies are needed to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of educational institutions. Diversification, whether related or unrelated, is one strategic solution to reduce dependence on a single source of funding and encourage innovation in educational services. This study employs a literature review method by examining various scientific sources and relevant documents. The analysis reveals that the implementation of diversification strategies enables educational institutions to expand their service reach, increase value added, and strengthen their position in the competitive landscape. Diversification carried out in a planned manner can enhance efficiency, productivity, and sustainability of educational institutions in the long term.
AKSARA JAWI DAN NARASI SOSIAL : MENELUSURI BAHASA DALAM BUDAYA MELAYU
This paper explores the role of the Jawi script as a cultural heritage that functions not only as a writing system but also as a medium of social narrative within the Malay community. The study adopts a qualitative approach, incorporating both sociolinguistic and historical methods to trace the development of the Jawi script, its functions in social life, and efforts to preserve it within the context of Malay culture. The findings reveal that Jawi played a crucial role in the dissemination of knowledge, the construction of identity, and the preservation of Islamic values in the Nusantara region. The social narratives embedded in Jawi texts reflect the thoughts, values, and societal structures of traditional Malay society. Jawi script served not only as a tool for communication but also as a medium for conveying religious knowledge, customs, and political discourse in the past. It shaped and sustained the community's understanding of its own identity, making it a key component in the formation of the collective Malay-Islamic discourse. However, the forces of modernization, changes in the education system, and the dominance of the Romanized (Rumi) script have led to a significant decline in Jawi usage, especially among the younger generation. Therefore, ongoing and future efforts—particularly in education, digitization, and cultural promotion—are essential to ensure the continued relevance and survival of the Jawi script as a vital element of Malay identity that deserves to be preserved and strengthened over time.
Human resource (HR) recruitment is an important aspect of HR management that aims to obtain workers that are in accordance with the needs of the organization. An effective recruitment process ensures that the organization has individuals who are competent, committed, and able to contribute to achieving goals. In the era of globalization and tight competition, recruitment strategies must continue to be adjusted to technological developments and labor market dynamics.This article discusses the concept of HR recruitment, including the stages and methods that can be applied in the recruitment process. Various recruitment methods, both internal and external, have their own advantages and challenges that need to be adjusted to the needs of the organization. In addition, the use of technology in the recruitment process, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and online recruitment applications, further increases the efficiency of candidate selection. A deep understanding of recruitment will help organizations increase their effectiveness in obtaining quality workers. With the right strategy, organizations can create a productive work environment, increase competitiveness, and ensure long-term growth.
LANGIT DALAM PANDANGAN MANUSIA: ANALISIS LINTAS BUDAYA TENTANG SISTEM KOSMOLOGI, NARASI MITOLOGIS, DAN PRAKTIK SPIRITUALITAS
This research explores the diversity of celestial views and their relationship with spirituality practices in different cultures around the world. Cosmology, as an understanding of the origin and structure of the universe, as well as mythologies that explain natural phenomena, are the main focus of this analysis. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through a systematic literature study, the research covers five to seven representative cultures from the continents of Asia, Europe, the Americas, Africa and Oceania. The results show that each culture has a unique way of understanding and interpreting celestial phenomena, reflecting not only astronomical knowledge but also inherited values, beliefs and traditions. Moreover, the relationship between the view of the sky and the practice of spirituality across different cultures shows that the sky serves as a source of inspiration, knowledge and spirituality. The research also highlights the importance of historical documentation in understanding human interactions with their environment, as well as how sky views shape cosmological systems and mythological narratives. The findings provide deeper insights into cultural diversity and encourage constructive dialogue between different communities, as well as reduce conflict due to cultural misunderstandings.
Malnutrition in early childhood is a global health problem that has a wide impact on physical growth, cognitive development, and the immune system of children. Children with poor nutritional status tend to experience growth retardation, are susceptible to infectious diseases, and experience impaired brain development that can affect intelligence. This study aims to examine the factors causing malnutrition in early childhood, the impacts caused, and solutions that can be applied. This study uses a literature review method by reviewing various scientific journals that discuss malnutrition in early childhood. The study results indicate that malnutrition is caused by factors such as low nutritional intake, family socio-economic conditions, lack of parental education about healthy eating patterns, and limited access to health services. The impacts of malnutrition include impaired growth, decreased immune system, and impaired cognitive development that can have long-term impacts on children's productivity in the future. Solutions that can be done to overcome this problem include educating parents, increasing access to nutritious food, and implamanting more comprehensive health policy interventions. With the right intervention, the rate of malnutrition in early childhood can be reduced so that their quality of life can improve.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU SEKS BEBAS PADA REMAJA
Free sex among adolescents is a growing and alarming phenomenon. This behaviour not only poses health risks, such as sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies, but also has psychological and social impacts on adolescents. This study aims to analyse the factors that influence free sex among adolescents based on literature review and empirical studies. The factors examined include the influence of peers, social media, lack of sexual education, and family relationships. The results indicate that peer influence and access to sexual content on digital media are the primary triggers, while inadequate sexual education exacerbates the situation. Recommendations are provided for the active role of parents, schools, and the community in providing healthy education and supervision.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA MOTIVASI BELAJAR DENGAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK
This study aims to explore the relationship between students' learning motivation and their academic achievement at SMAN 2 Banjit. A quantitative methodology was adopted, specifically a correlational design. Sampling was conducted using simple random sampling involving 60 students in grade XI. Data collection tools included a learning motivation measurement questionnaire and documentation of semester reports for the second semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The findings revealed a strong positive correlation between learning motivation and academic achievement (r = 0.628, p <0.01). This indicates that as students' learning motivation increases, their academic success also increases.
PEDOMAN PELAKSANAAN SUPERVISI PENDIDIKAN
Ministry of Education Regulation No. 12 of 2007 concerning Standards for School/Madrasah Supervisors states that every education unit supervisor is required to have six competencies, namely personal competence, managerial and academic supervision competence, educational evaluation competence, research and development competence, and social competence. Two core competencies directly related to supervisory activities in educational institutions are managerial supervision and academic supervision. Managerial supervision aims to improve the quality of school management, while academic supervision focuses on enhancing the quality of teachers' instruction, ultimately leading to improved graduate outcomes. As mentioned earlier, one form of supervision is managerial supervision. This supervision is very important because management is the engine of the organisation that drives all school programmes, starting from leadership, curriculum, student affairs, facilities and infrastructure, budgeting, community relations, and so on. The guidelines for educational supervision in terms of policy can be explained as follows: Law Number 20 of 2003 on the National Education System, Law Number 14 of 2004 on Regional Government, Law Number 5 on Civil Servants, Government Regulation Number 19 of 2005 amended by Number 13 of 2015 and further amended by Number 19 of 2015 on National Education Standards, Government Regulation No. 74 of 2008 on Teachers and Lecturers, Government Regulation No. 17 of 2010 on Discipline of Supervisors, Presidential Regulation No. 14 of 2015 on the Ministry of Education and Culture.
Implementation of Educational Supervision
KESALAHAN UMUM DALAM PERUMUSAN MASALAH PENELITIAN PENDIDIKAN DAN CARA MENGHINDARINYA
Problem formulation is a fundamental component in educational research because it determines the overall direction and focus of the study. However, many researchers—particularly students and education practitioners—often make mistakes in formulating research problems, such as being too general, non-operational, and irrelevant to the research context. These errors directly affect the quality of the methodology, the validity of the results, and the effectiveness of the research in addressing real educational issues. This study aims to identify common types of mistakes in problem formulation and to offer concrete strategies to avoid them. The approach used in this research is qualitative, employing a literature review method. The findings of this study include overly general problem statements, problems that are not based on theoretical review and preliminary data, problem statements that are inconsistent with the research objectives and methods, and problems that are difficult to measure.
POLA DAN ARAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MASA PENJAJAHAN BELANDA DAN JEPANG
The history of the Indonesian nation's journey, cannot be separated from the role of the Muslim community, especially in the struggle to expel invaders from the face of the Indonesian earth. Through the education sector, Islamic leaders established Islamic education to strengthen the foundations of religion and for the people to fight the education system brought by the Dutch colonialists. The Islamic education system is the only formal education that has its own system and management which is different from the education system brought by the Netherlands. The Dutch government regulations that are so strict and harsh on the activities of madrassas and Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, do not make Islamic education paralyzed and in ruins. On the other hand, the spirit of Islam was still well preserved, where the ulama and kyai were non-cooperative with the Dutch and they moved away from places close to the Dutch. Similar pressure was experienced by the Islamic education system during the Japanese education era. Where the Japanese government requires teachers to learn Japanese and obliges the Tenno (Emperor) to respect. The strength of the principles of Islamic educator leaders has shown the ability of Islamic education to survive in accordance with Islamic principles, without the influence of any power that is in power.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MAKE A MATCH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (PAI) MATERI HADAST DAN NAJIS DI KELAS VII B SMPS IT SULTHONIYAH SAMBASTAHUN PELAJARAN 2023/2024
The purpose of this study is to investigate: 1) Student learning outcomes on the topic of hadast and najis in class VII B at SMPS IT Sulthoniyah Sambas before implementing the Make a Match learning model during the 2023/2024 academic year; 2) Student learning outcomes on the same topic in class VII B at SMPS IT Sulthoniyah Sambas after applying the Make a Match learning model during the 2023/2024 academic year; and 3) The impact of the Make a Match learning model on student learning outcomes in class VII B on the topic of hadast and najis at SMPS IT Sulthoniyah in the 2023/2024 academic year. This research employs a quantitative approach with a comparative research type in the form of a quasi-experiment. The population of the experiment consisted of 50 students, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection techniques included observation, tests, and documentation. The data analysis techniques applied were validity tests, reliability tests, normality tests, homogeneity tests, independent samples tests, and paired samples tests. The findings of the research are as follows: 1) The pre-test results from the Independent Samples Test, conducted before treatment, indicated a mean score of 66.09 for the experimental class and 65.14 for the control class, showing that the students’ abilities were similar before treatment. The Sig. (2-tailed) value was 0.753 > 0.05, indicating that Ho was accepted, and Ha was rejected, meaning there was no significant effect of the Make a Match learning model on student learning outcomes before treatment. 2) The post-test results from the Independent Samples Test, conducted after treatment, showed a mean student learning outcome of 76.19 in the experimental class and 69.33 in the control class, indicating that the experimental class had a higher average following treatment. The Sig. (2-tailed) value was 0.039 < 0.05, 3) The research design test value was 5.91, and the Paired Samples Test showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 < 0.05, meaning Ho was rejected, and Ha was accepted, indicating a significant effect of the Make a Match learning model on student learning outcomes for the topic of hadast and najis in class VII B at SMPS IT Sulthoniyah Sambas.
PENERAPAN MODEL PBL DENGAN PENDEKATAN CRT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V
This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of grade V students in IPAS subjects through the application of the Problem-based learning (PBL) learning model with a Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) approach at SDN Pakis 1 Surabaya. This is a Classroom Action Research (PTK) with reference to the Kurt Lewin model. The subjects of this study were students of class V-A SDN Pakis 1 Surabaya in the academic year 2024/2025 as many as 28 students. This research is based on several considerations that show that the low learning outcomes of students are characterized by several students obtaining IPAS scores below KKTP 75. Some of the factors that influence low learning outcomes include a lack of understanding of concepts, low student motivation, minimal student participation in the learning process, and the incompatibility of the material with the reality of their daily lives. The way researchers collect data uses the test method. Indicators of success in the study can be measured from the acquisition of student learning outcomes that show in cycle 1 student learning outcomes reached 82% completeness and in cycle 2 reached 93% completeness which before class action research was carried out student learning outcomes reached 71% completeness. Through the application of the Problem-based learning model with the Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) approach. has a significant impact on improving student learning outcomes in IPAS subjects. Indicating that the learning approach.